Category: application software

Proofpoint buys Fortiva, expands into email archiving

After a courtship that lasted the better part of a year, on-demand security provider Proofpoint finally picked up software-as-a-service email archiving startup Fortiva this week. Based on similar transactions and industry buzz, we estimate this tuck-in acquisition cost Proofpoint somewhere in the neighborhood of $70m. Fortiva, which has 45 employees, was running at about $15-20m in revenue from about 200 enterprise customers. This marks a solid exit for the company’s venture backers, Cargill Ventures, Ventures West and McLean Watson Capital, which only pumped $8m into Fortiva.

The interesting question sparked by this transaction is what’s next for Proofpoint, which is now up to 250 employees. Though some have suggested the company has now effectively dressed itself up as an acquisition target, we believe otherwise. We think an IPO will represent the next major milestone for the company. (In wrap-up of April’s RSA conference, we said as much, adding that an acquisition by Proofpoint was likely in the next few months.)

Proofpoint has drawn in some $86m in funding since its inception in 2002, including a $28m round in February, even though it was running at close to breakeven. With more than 1,600 customers, bookings are up 70% on a year-over-year basis for 2008. The growth comes despite stiff competition. Google, Cisco and Autonomy Corp made a big push into the market last year with their respective acquisitions of Postini, IronPort Systems and Zantaz.

Yet, Proofpoint has held its own against these larger vendors, even recruiting a few high-ranking employees from Postini, we’ve heard. Speaking of hiring at Proofpoint, we would also highlight last year’s move to bring Paul Auvil on board as CFO. Auvil served as the top numbers guy at VMware, guiding that company from the tens of millions of dollars in revenue to hundreds of millions of dollars. Of course, that company never made it fully public. We have a feeling Auvil may yet have a chance to be CFO at a public company, given the direction of Proofpoint.

Select on-demand security deals

Announced Acquirer Target Deal value Target revenue
July 9, 2007 Google Postini $625m $70m*
July 3, 2007 Autonomy Zantaz $375m Not available
May 14, 2007 Verizon Business Cybertrust $450m* $225m*
April 26, 2007 Websense SurfControl $400m $220m
Jan. 4, 2007 Cisco IronPort $830m $100m*
May 19, 2004 Symantec Brightmail $370m $26m

Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase, * official 451 Group estimates

Less than zero?

Brenon Daly

The company once known as MathSoft has been cancelled out by the following equation: 1 – 0.5 – 0.5 = 0. The firm made its first subtraction in early 2001, with the divestiture of its core technical calculations software business. That was followed up last week with the sale of the remaining chunk of the company – which sold data analysis software under the name Insightful Corp – to Tibco for $25m. (Along the way, Insightful further whittled off a small sliver of its business, some search assets it sold to Hypertext Solutions, which now does business as Evri, for $3.7m last year.)

If the name MathSoft seems only vaguely familiar, it’s because the old-line firm hasn’t existed for seven years, at least not under its original name and original business. Founded in 1984, the Massachusetts-based company emerged as MathSoft two years later. And while it’s too soon to say whether Tibco’s tiny purchase of Insightful will pay dividends, the former had better hope the acquisition goes smoother than the last one involving Insightful’s CEO. Before running Insightful, Jeff Coombs headed up marketing at Acta Technology – a startup selling ETL technology that was snapped up by Business Objects in mid-2002 for $65m.

Actually, that deal ended up costing Business Objects a fair bit more, in both money and time. The reason? Just a week after the deal was inked, ETL powerhouse Informatica filed a patent infringement case against Acta. That worked its way through the courts for the following four and a half years, until a jury decided a year ago to award Informatica $25m in damages. Tibco, too, has had courtroom headaches from one of its deals, picking up a company that was later sued in the widespread lawsuit over share allocations of IPOs in the bubble era. So both the buyer and seller in this deal have firsthand experience with negative additions through acquisitions. 

Subtraction from MathSoft

Date Event Price
Jan. 2001 Divestiture of core education products division $7m
August 2007 Surviving company Insightful sells search assets $3.7m
June 2008 Insightful sells to Tibco $25m

Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase

SanDisk amps up its music player offerings

With its $6.5m tuck-in acquisition of MusicGremlin last week, SanDisk is bulking up its digital music player business. MusicGremlin, with just eight employees and about $5m in revenue, will obviously not have a material effect on SanDisk’s business. Nonetheless, the importance is not so much the size or scope of the company, but more the technology it has developed during its four years in operation. Specifically, MusicGremlin gives SanDisk the ability to effectively stream music wirelessly to its products. We have learned that SanDisk was very eager to acquire the startup, with the large company initiating talks and sealing a deal within a few weeks. Given SanDisk’s recent effort to build its product offerings through strategic acquisitions, what other acquisitions might the company be considering?

From our perspective, SanDisk needs to do some shopping. It currently ranks a distant second place to Apple in the digital music player market, but also faces stiff competition from the likes of Microsoft, Sony and Panasonic. Perhaps the biggest hole in SanDisk’s offerings is the lack of an in-house music and video content provider, like Apple has with its iTunes and Microsoft has with its Zune Marketplace. To date, SanDisk has relied exclusively on partnerships, but learned the downside of that strategy the hard way in February, when Yahoo suddenly shuttered its Music Unlimited service. The disappearance of the service, which was the very foundation of SanDisk’s Sansa Connect player, left users understandably sour.

As to where SanDisk might look for a music service, two names come to mind: Rhapsody (owned by RealNetworks) and Napster. Despite taking in about $150m and $130m last year, respectively, both are consistently running at a loss. Clearly they could be had for a steal. More importantly, they are both proven and established music services with mobile offerings that would make integrating MusicGremlin’s technology an easy task. Using Napster as a comparable, we believe either company can be had for just under $100m, representing a 40% premium over Napster’s current price on Nasdaq. With $1.22bn in cash and a market cap of $5.2bn, SanDisk could certainly afford a few deals to shore up its defenses for the inevitable battle of the titans.

Lessons from a big Yahoo

Brenon Daly

Talk about being thrown straight into the shark tank (or more accurately a barracuda tank): John Burris has agreed to step from the board to the CEO spot at Sourcefire. The appointment comes just two weeks after Barracuda Networks made an unsolicited offer for the network security vendor. We noted that the low-ball bid of $7.50 per share from Barracuda – an aggressive company that lives up to its name – will likely set the ‘floor price’ for any sale of Sourcefire. (Since the bared-teeth bid was revealed, Sourcefire’s long-suffering shares have closed above the offer price in every trading session, finishing Wednesday at $7.92. The $0.42 difference equates to about a $10m gulf between what the market says Sourcefire is worth and what Barracuda says the company is worth.)

The fact that Sourcefire – which had been looking for a chief executive replacement since February – stayed in-house to fill the top spot makes us wonder if the company hasn’t resigned itself to a sale. Don’t forget that Sourcefire was supposed to be sold to Check Point Software Technologies more than two years ago – at a higher price than its current valuation, no less. And although we are far from experts in employment contracts, we saw nothing in Burris’ agreement that would make an acquisition of Sourcefire prohibitively expensive. Certainly nothing like the employee severance plan at Yahoo, which is effectively a poison pill.

Indeed, Burris may well look at the tenure of Yahoo’s Jerry Yang during Microsoft’s unsolicited approach to the search engine as a quick executive lesson in how not to handle M&A. On the no-no list: refusing to talk to a suitor, erecting all sorts of obstacles to consolidation and, above all, continuing to insist that you know best in creating value at a company – even when all evidence points to the contrary. “I bleed purple,” Yang said at one point, using Yahoo’s signature color to demonstrate his closeness to the company he helped found. Yang may see it that way, but Carl Icahn and other Yahoo shareholders don’t particularly care. They’re very clear that blood is red, just as money is green. We think Burris – whose connection to Sourcefire only dates back to March and who previously headed up sales at Citrix Systems – won’t suffer a similar case of color blindness.

Emerald Isle M&A

Brenon Daly

Given that today is Bloomsday, we’ve given ourselves literary license to take a look at deal flow between the US and Ireland. (Don’t worry, if you’re like us and have never actually managed to get through James Joyce’s ‘Ulysses’ – despite taking more than a few cracks at the tome – this Insight will still make sense. Quick show of hands: Who’s actually read all the way to “…and yes I said yes I will Yes”?)

In any case, deal-flow between the two countries has been remarkably stable during the past four years, clipping along at about 30 deals each year. M&A spending in the most-recent year, however, has fallen to its lowest level, just half the previous year and one-quarter the level in the year before that. (Note: In three weeks, we’ll publish our annual Trans-Atlantic Tech M&A Banking Review. Obviously, the steady decline of the US dollar has had a big influence in deal-making. So far, we’ve seen European acquirers be even more active than the previous year, while US buyers have only spent about half as much as the same period last year. You can request a copy of last year’s report here.)

One company that may very well figure into the US-Ireland M&A tally very shortly is Iona Technologies. We noted in February that the Dublin-based company had attracted an unsolicited bid from an unknown company, which turned out to be Germany’s Software AG. Iona has retained Lehman Brothers, which led its IPO in the late-1990s, to advise it. At the time, we tapped SAP and Sun Microsystems as the most-logical buyers of Iona. More recently, an Irish newspaper reported that Progress Software or Red Hat is Iona’s ‘preferred’ buyer. Meantime, Software AG now says it’s out of the running. So it looks like we could very well be seeing an American company pick up another piece of the Old Sod. 

Irish-US M&A (year ending each Bloomsday)

Period Deal volume Deal value
June 16 2004-05 28 $1.2bn
June 16 2005-06 29 $3.8bn
June 16 2006-07 36 $1bn
June 16 2007-08 33 $860m

Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase

Loopt scores at Apple’s WWDC

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As Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference winds down, the hype for the new iPhone is only beginning. Amid all the hoopla, though, we couldn’t help but make an observation about not so much what was in Steve Job’s all-important keynote, but what wasn’t. Specifically, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers’ much-touted iFund was only mentioned in passing, and none of the surprisingly few ventures were highlighted. (KPCB has written checks to just three companies, out of thousands of applicants.) In fact, a major competitor of iFund’s location-aware application Whrrl, Loopt, was a highlight of the keynote. This comes as somewhat of a surprise after Palego’s Jeff Holden and KPCB partner Matt Murphy spoke highly of their relationship with Apple in a May 27 BusinessWeek article and even speculated on the chances of being a featured app. This led many to believe they were a shoe-in for the keynote. Given Apple’s obsessive demand for radio silence prior to the event, perhaps loose lips do indeed sink ships.

Loopt is funded by KPCB competitors New Enterprise Associates and Sequoia Capital to the tune of $15m. It has a few hundred thousand paying customers, but more importantly, it is the leader in the mobile location-aware-social-networking space spanning several carriers and operating systems. This is a market that has seen a lot of interest from the likes of Google, AOL, Microsoft and even Facebook. In the aftermath of the conference, whispers and rumors of potential acquirers of this little app are all over the place.

Since Google let Plaxo go to Comcast and has failed with its in-house development (Orkut), the search engine has been itching to make headway in the sector through acquisitions. Given Google’s huge push into the mobile space, it is seen as a likely acquirer. However, we think the most probable acquirer is Facebook. The soaring social networking site has been serious about pushing into mobile-social-networking, and a pairing of Facebook’s mobile application with Loopt seems a perfect fit. Since valuations in the social networking space are like something out of the bubble era, it is not unrealistic to see a price tag of just south of $100m for Loopt, a 40-employee startup. With healthy cash reserves and an estimated $400m in revenue for 2008, Facebook has the resources. In fact, though this would only be its second acquisition, we understand Facebook has been gearing up to make more acquisitions in the coming year. If indeed Loopt is taken off the block, rivals Palego, Zyb, and Buzzd may follow in quick order.

Traditional social networking acquisition deals for more than $50m

Announced Acquirer Target Deal Value
May 14, 2008 Comcast Plaxo $160m*
March 13, 2008 AOL Bebo $850m
March 4, 2008 Demand Media Pluck $67m*
May 30, 2007 eBay StumbleUpon $75m
July 18, 2005 News Corp MySpace $580m

* official 451 Group estimate, Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase

Bottom-fishing by Blackbaud

Brenon Daly

In almost four years of going head-to-head on the Nasdaq, Kintera never challenged Blackbaud’s stock performance. In fact, it never even came close. An internally funded and smaller rival, Kintera actually jumped ahead of Blackbaud’s IPO by about six months. The company had to trim its offer price in late 2003 to get the IPO out the door, but shares nearly doubled shortly after they hit the market.

Once Blackbaud hit the market in summer 2004, however, Kintera had started a slide from which it would never recover. Blackbaud put Kintera out of its misery last Thursday, shelling out $46m for the struggling company. Kintera was actually in danger of getting delisted from the Nasdaq. (Evercore Partners once again banked Blackbaud, a mandate that we noted last year that has its roots in Redmond, Washington.)

The price values Kintera at basically 1x trailing 12-month sales, while Blackbaud trades at nearly four times that level. Even though Blackbaud didn’t overpay for Kintera, the market has expressed some concern about buying a damaged rival in a deal that will lower Blackbaud earnings this year. Blackbaud shares are down about 7% since announcing the deal.

Kintera is run as a public company, and its paltry exit price certainly won’t help rival Convio get its offering to market. The Austin, Texas-based company filed its S-1 in September and has amended it three times since then. So, it may well be getting ready to price. However, we would note that the income statement of Kintera matches up fairly closely with Convio – both posted revenue of about $45m in 2007, but had negative operating margins. Let’s just hope that the market doesn’t value Convio the same as it did Kintera. 

Recent Blackbaud acquisitions

Date Target Price
May 29, 2008 Kintera $46m
Aug. 6, 2007 eTapestry $25m
Jan. 16, 2007 Target Software $60m

Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase

Taking stock

Brenon Daly

Pocketing equity as currency always makes a deal a little more dicey than a straight cash transaction. (Just ask Ted Turner, or any other shareholders – public or private – who got burned on post-sale stock distributions in the early part of this decade.) Those bitter memories – along with concerns about diluting existing shareholders – have pushed companies to hold on to their shares, rather than hand them out in acquisitions. Besides, many large tech companies are now on the other side of steep cost-reduction plans, which allows them to throw off hundreds of millions of dollars in free cash flow every quarter. That has swollen corporate treasuries to near record levels, in some cases.

Nonetheless, a few tech companies have been paying at least a part of their M&A bills with their own shares. In the three deals Omniture inked last year, the online business optimization vendor used its shares to cover more than half the cost of each deal. (The largest chunk of stock – $342m of equity to cover its $394m total purchase of Visual Sciences – is basically flat with the level where shares traded when Omniture closed the deal in mid-January.) Additionally, Ariba paid for half of its $101m purchase of Procuri with its stock. (Taking Ariba shares turned out to be a good bet for Procuri, since the stock has jumped 40% since the deal closed in mid-December.)

However, one deal that’s set to close at the end of business Thursday offers a reminder of the risks. Although Blue Coat Systems used all cash to buy Packeteer in its $268m purchase, it would have undoubtedly heard grumblings from Packeteer shareholders if it had done a stock swap. The reason? Just a month after announcing the deal, Blue Coat posted weak quarterly results and offered a tepid outlook for its business. That knocked the stock down 20% in one trading session. In this kind of uncertain market, cash may well be king. 

Recent all-cash strategic deals

Date Acquirer Target Amount of cash
May 2007 Thomson Reuters $17.2bn
Jan. 2008 Oracle BEA Systems $8.5bn
Oct. 2007 Nokia Navteq $8.1bn
Oct. 2007 SAP Business Objects $6.8bn
May 2007 Microsoft aQuantive $6.4bn
Nov. 2007 IBM Cognos $5bn

Source: The 451 M&A KnowledgeBase

Come on, Google, buy Salesforce.com already

Brenon Daly

Companies looking to get into new markets typically run the clichéd ‘buy, build or partner’ calculus on how to get the highest return on the lowest investment. Invariably, the answer is ‘yes’ to all of the options, as significant strategic moves require broad efforts to take the company in new directions.

Consider the case of Google and its still-emerging Apps business. (Like so much at the search engine company, there seems to be a ‘beta’ tag hanging on this division.) It has inked three deals for both technology and a sales channel, unleashed hundreds of engineers on the would-be ‘Office killer’ and, just recently, put together a distribution deal with Salesforce.com.

And yet, Apps still isn’t where Google needs it to be. Even more of a concern is that, in our opinion, the moves aren’t even enough to get Google Apps in a position to begin to challenge Microsoft Office. Google needs something more. In the end, a successful partnership isn’t simply about access. It’s about efficacy. In order for Google to control the Salesforce.com distribution channel, it has to control Salesforce.com. Read full report.

Learning Tree seeds sale

Brenon Daly

After more than 30 years in business, Learning Tree International has slapped a ‘for sale’ sign on itself. The IT training shop has retained RBC Capital Markets to guide the process, which comes as the company has only partly worked through a turnaround. It suffered through several years of stagnant revenue and negative operating margins, when the Internet bubble burst and companies cut back sharply on their IT staff members, which, at the time, were Learning Tree’s only customers. (The company has since expanded into management training as well.)

The timing of the possible sale is curious. Learning Tree has come up short of Wall Street estimates for two straight quarters, leaving the company’s stock below where it started the year. (Even with the bounce on May 28 from investors betting on an acquisition, Learning Tree shares have dropped nearly one-quarter of their value in 2008.) Learning Tree currently sports a market capitalization of about $290m, but holds $57m in cash and no debt, lowering its enterprise value to $233m. The company will likely record about $190m in sales in the current fiscal year.

Given the current valuation, maybe some of the executives should take a Learning Tree course on maximizing shareholder value. Of course, the top two executives have a distinct interest in maximizing shareholder value, given that they own nearly half of the company’s 16.6 million shares. Learning Tree cofounders David Collins and Eric Garen own 25.6% and 20.4% of the company, respectively. And if that weren’t motivation enough, we couldn’t help but notice a kicker that could put even more money into the executives’ pockets: The company approved a bonus of one year’s worth of salary for executive officers if Learning Tree gets sold before the end of next March. So, the sellers are ready, but where are the buyers?