Category: VC

The tech IPO window: open but unused

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

With AppDynamics stepping into Cisco’s ever-expanding software portfolio rather than continuing its march toward Wall Street, tech startups have once again been shut out of the public markets in the opening month of a year. Last January also didn’t see a single enterprise tech IPO, starting a drought that lasted until late April. Q1 2016 was the first quarter since the recent recession not to have a tech company come to market – and the current quarter is in danger of repeating that, despite some of the most-welcoming conditions on Wall Street.

Unlike this year, last year’s Q1 shutout was sparked by a double-digit percentage slide in US equity indexes in the opening six weeks of 2016. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is currently above the symbolically significant 20,000 level, bottomed out below 15,600 last February. (From trough to top, that represents almost a 30% gain in the Dow, adding more than a trillion dollars of market value.) Last winter’s bear market was even worse for highly valued tech names, which is what most of the tech IPO candidates aspire to be.

With investors selling their existing tech holdings, it was hard to find buyers for any new tech listings. In the imbalanced market at the start of last year, the financially prudent decision for startups tracking to an IPO was simply to wait until summer, when tech came back in favor among investors. By our count, seven of the nine enterprise-focused tech vendors that went public in 2016 debuted in the second half of the year. The debuts were actually even more concentrated than that, as two-thirds of tech IPOs last year came in just the six-week period leading up to the US elections in early November. Not a single tech provider has gone public in the three months since the election.

Part of the scarcity is due to seasonality. (Companies tend to prefer to finish Q4, which is almost inevitably their biggest quarter, and then go to market with full-year financials and a valuation that’s based on the coming year’s projected sales.) And yet, while IPO-minded startups have been focused on closing business and getting their financial paperwork in order, companies already public have been enjoying an extended, and somewhat unexpected, ‘Trump rally’ on Wall Street.

Indexes have posted a roughly 10% surge since the election, as investors bet that having a businessman as US president – who’s working with a Republican-controlled Congress – will be able to stimulate more economic growth. Perhaps more important to the relatively fragile IPO market, the instability and uncertainty from broader political and economic events has receded sharply. (For instance, the CBOE’s Volatility Index is currently just half the level it was during the run-up to the election.) The shift in sentiment is even more dramatic in our own surveys of individual investors.

In the two monthly surveys by 451 Research’s Voice of the Connected User Landscape (VoCUL) since Trump was elected, more than four out of 10 investors have said they are ‘more confident’ about the direction of the stock market now than they were 90 days earlier. That’s roughly twice the percentage that said they were ‘less confident’. Those are the most-encouraging assessments of Wall Street in a 451 Research survey since the end of the recession. And yet in the most bullish of recent bull markets, not a single tech startup has made it public in 2017.

The IPO window may be as open right now as it’s been in years, but investors would never know it. With two months remaining in the first quarter – and current stock market indexes more than 20% higher than they were in Q1 2016 – the net result for new enterprise tech offerings from last Q1 and the current quarter could well be the same: an IPO shutout.

How to get your tech M&A playbook for 2017

Brenon Daly

451 Research’s annual look back on the year that was and look ahead to the year that’s coming in technology M&A has been moved in front of our paywall. (Click here to access the report.) The broad-market overview highlights many of the trends that drove acquisition spending to a surprisingly strong $500bn in 2016, and predicts how those will play out in 2017. The 5,500-word introductory report – which includes nearly 20 graphics, many of them drawing on 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase – opens our full M&A Outlook, an 80+-page analysis of M&A drivers and predictions on M&A and IPO trends and activity in specific sectors of the IT market.

The full report, which serves as an ‘M&A playbook’ for many of the tech industry’s main acquirers, offers an in-depth forecast of trends that will likely shape dealmaking in eight segments of enterprise information technology, including information security, mobility and software. The full M&A Outlook report will be available at no additional cost for subscribers to 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase Professional and M&A KnowledgeBase Premium, and will be available for purchase for 451 Research clients and others that don’t subscribe to our premium KnowledgeBase products. 451 Research will publish our full M&A Outlook – including the Introduction, which is available now, and the eight individual sector reports – in early February.

PE-backed StorageCraft crafts another deal

Brenon Daly

Contact: Steven Hill Brenon Daly

In the year since TA Associates picked up StorageCraft Technology, the data-protection vendor has been working to build out a broader vision for metadata-rich data protection and management. Its latest move adds scale-out NAS appliance vendor Exablox, already an existing partner. Terms weren’t disclosed. The purchase of Exablox is StorageCraft’s second acquisition since being bought by private equity firm TA Associates, and comes five months after it snagged data analytics startup Gillware Online Backup.

This deal further extends an existing partnership between Exablox’s object-based core technology and StorageCraft, which has focused its recent strategy on metadata-based, long-term data management and protection. Both companies stressed that Exablox appliances will continue to be marketed for both primary storage and secondary storage applications, as opposed to a dedicated backup appliance only. The pairing has potential benefits for both companies, in particular adding StorageCraft’s ShadowProtect data protection and Gillware-based data intelligence enhancements to the Exablox platform.

From our perspective, the transaction reflects an increasing awareness of the importance of metadata as part of a larger vision for long-term data protection and management across the industry. Data growth is a given, and these vendors recognize that the next generation of storage requires greater intelligence about the data itself. Buying Exablox should allow StorageCraft to add closely integrated, on-premises storage offerings as an extension of its existing cloud, SaaS, storage analytics, data-protection and DR/BC portfolio. With the scarcity of funding available for storage and infrastructure companies, we expect more vendors to use deals such as StorageCraft’s reach for Exablox to expand their technology and market opportunity.

ServiceNow adds some smarts to the platform with DxContinuum

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

Continuing its M&A strategy of bolting on technology to its core platform, ServiceNow has reached for predictive software startup DxContinuum. Terms of the deal, which is expected to close later this month, weren’t announced. DxContinuum had taken in only one round of funding, and appears to have focused its products primarily on predictive analytics for sales and marketing. ServiceNow indicated that it plans to roll the technology, which it described as ‘intelligent automation,’ across its products with the goal of processing requests more efficiently.

Originally founded as a SaaS-based provider of IT service management, ServiceNow has expanded its platform into other technology markets including HR software, information security and customer service. Most of that expansion has been done organically. ServiceNow spends more than $70m per quarter, or roughly 20% of revenue, on R&D.

In addition, it has acquired four companies, including DxContinuum, over the past two years, according to 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase. However, all four of those acquisitions have been small deals involving startups that are five years old or younger. ServiceNow has paid less than $20m for each of its three previous purchases. The vendor plans to discuss more of the specifics about its DxContinuum buy when it reports earnings next Wednesday.

ServiceNow’s reach for DxContinuum comes amid a boom time for machine-learning M&A. We recently noted that the number of transactions in this emerging sector set a record in 2016, with deal volume soaring 60% from the previous year. Further, the senior investment bankers we surveyed last month picked machine learning as the top M&A theme for 2017. More than eight out of 10 respondents (82%) to the 451 Research Tech Banking Outlook Survey predicted an uptick in machine-learning M&A activity, outpacing the predictions for acquisitions in all individual technology markets as well as the other four cross-market themes of the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing and converged IT.

Now available: 451 Research’s 2017 M&A Outlook

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

Each year, 451 Research looks ahead to the coming year in M&A, highlighting the trends that will shape deal flow and the markets that are expected to see much of the activity. The report, which serves as an ‘M&A playbook’ for 2017, is now available to 451 Research subscribers.

Topics covered in the latest edition of the M&A Outlook include:

  • Besides the ‘usual suspects,’ which other tech acquirers stepped up their shopping in 2016 and are likely to accelerate that pace this year? If companies including Dell, Twitter and Dropbox aren’t buying any longer, where is the demand going to come from?
  • Specifically, which tech markets are expected to see the biggest flow of M&A dollars in the coming year? Enterprise security and mobility lead the forecast, but what about emerging cross-sector themes such as the Internet of Things and big data?
  • What’s shifted in the exit environment for VC-backed companies to open the way for some of the startups to realize ‘unicorn’ prices in the real world? And will 2017 (finally) see a rebound in the tech IPO market?
  • With president-elect Donald Trump set to officially take over as CEO of the US next week, why are corporate acquirers expecting a ‘Trump rally’ in the tech M&A market? What about buyers coming from China, who spent more acquiring US tech firms in 2016 than the previous five years combined?

The 5,500-word report – which includes nearly 20 graphics, many of them drawing on 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase – thoroughly and insightfully covers last year’s activity as well as this year’s forecast. Get your copy of the M&A Outlook now.

For more real-time information on tech M&A, follow us on Twitter @451TechMnA.

Machine learning and the M&A machine

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

Coming off a 60% increase in the number of machine-learning-related transactions last year, the trend of adding ‘smarts’ to technology looks likely to drive even more deals in 2017. Senior investment bankers picked machine learning as the top M&A theme for the coming year in last month’s 451 Research Tech Banking Outlook Survey, with more than eight out of 10 respondents (82%) predicting an uptick in activity. That outlook for machine learning outpaced the view in all individual technology markets as well as the other four cross-market themes of the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing and converged IT.

One of the reasons why machine learning (and the related – but broader – theme of artificial intelligence) is expected to figure into so many transactions is that the technology is broadly applicable. Basically, any company that is looking to make its products more efficient – which, in turn, makes the users of those products more efficient – could be viewed as a potential acquirer of machine-learning technology. (To be clear, our view of machine learning is that the technology is a subset of artificial intelligence, focused on using algorithms that learn and improve without being explicitly programmed to do so. For a more in-depth look at the AI/ML market, see our recent sector overview led by my colleague Nick Patience.)

Certainly, machine learning appears to be an almost foundational technology when we consider the broad pool of buyers. Just in the past year, acquirers as diverse as Ford Motor, Salesforce, Intel and GE Digital have all announced machine-learning-related transactions, according to the M&A KnowledgeBase. Those deals have been part of a surge of M&A that saw buyers announce as many machine-learning-themed purchases in 2016 as they did from 2002-14, according to the M&A KnowledgeBase.

Despite favorable winds, few tech startups set sail to Wall Street

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

Calm seas and favorable winds usually encourage ships to launch onto the open ocean, but that hasn’t been the case for tech startups. The number of enterprise-focused companies that have set sail to Wall Street this year is once again mired in the single digits. That’s a disappointment given the abundant IPO-ready tech vendors and a bullish investor base that has pushed the broader US equity market to record levels in 2016.

By our count, just eight enterprise tech firms have made it public on the two major US exchanges so far this year, matching the total from 2015. The flatlining IPO total comes as US equity markets this year have vastly outperformed last year, while overall volatility has remained relatively muted. The lackluster tone for 2016 started early, with not a single tech company making it public in Q1. That marked the first quarterly shutout for tech IPOs since the end of the recent recession.

After a mini-bear market on Wall Street in the first quarter, both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 moved into the green and haven’t slipped back since. (The Nasdaq took another quarter to get above water, but has been solidly positive since last summer on its way to posting what looks set to be a gain of just under 10% this year.) These advances have come as market uncertainty – as measured by the CBOE Volatility Index, or VIX – has stayed at historically low levels, spiking only in short-term reaction to the unexpected outcomes of June’s Brexit vote and the US presidential election in November.

Against this relatively welcoming backdrop, tech startups nonetheless passed on going public, and instead opted for M&A. We saw that this year from companies that had formally revealed their IPO plans (Blue Coat and Optiv were both acquired out of registration) as well as vendors that we had assumed were at some stage of IPO preparation (ServiceMax and Jasper Technologies).

As to where that leaves the IPO market for 2017, we’re currently surveying senior investment bankers and, separately, corporate development executives to get their outlook for new offerings next year. If you would like to participate in our annual survey, please email us and we will send you the correct survey for your thoughts on the IPO market as well as the M&A outlook for the coming year.

2016 enterprise tech IPOs*

Company Date of offering
SecureWorks April 22, 2016
Twilio June 23, 2016
Talend July 29, 2016
Apptio September 23, 2016
Nutanix September 30, 2016
Everbridge October 10, 2016
BlackLine Systems October 28, 2016
Quantenna Communications October 28, 2016

Source: 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase *Includes Nasdaq and NYSE listings only

A few unicorns make it in the real world

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

After two years of existing mostly on paper, unicorns have finally started making it into the real world. And in no small part, it’s thanks to companies that do the vast majority of their business in the real world. This year has seen a record number of seven sales of VC-backed companies for $1bn or more, according to 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase. That’s as many ‘unicorn’ exits as the two previous years combined.

The increase in the number of ‘three-comma exits’ is largely due to the broader trend of digital transformation, as companies that used to only do business in the brick-and-mortar realm acquire their way online. For instance, last summer, e-tailer Jet.com sold to Walmart for $3.3bn, representing the largest sale of a VC-backed vendor in two and a half years. Additionally, consumer products giant Unilever, which traces its roots back to the 1890s and generates some $56bn in revenue, paid $1bn for four-year-old online retail site Dollar Shave Club.

Non-tech acquirers buying their way into tech were also visible in the next band of transactions, just below the fabled unicorn status. The list of the shoppers so far in 2016 that have paid $500-999m for VC-backed startups includes names that wouldn’t typically find themselves on a tech M&A hit list, notably Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers and General Motors. Altogether, nine venture portfolio companies have signed off on deals valued at $500-999m in 2016, which essentially matched the average of the previous two years, according to the M&A KnowledgeBase.

To the relief of VCs, this trend is likely to continue as old-line industrial and manufacturing vendors as well as retailers use M&A to find new avenues of growth. Many of these would-be buyers are also enjoying some of the highest stock prices they’ve ever had, which is boosting their confidence to do big-ticket acquisitions in untested markets. It’s unlikely there will ever be a stampede of unicorns into the physical world. But in the coming years, a few of the venture industry’s highest-valued startups will undoubtedly continue to make their way to acquirers that they probably wouldn’t have ever imagined when they first launched their startup.

Acquisitions of VC-backed startups*

Year Number of transactions valued at $500-999m Number of transactions valued at $1bn or greater
YTD 2016 9 7
2015 9 1
2014 8 6
2013 7 2
2012 7 4
2011 7 1

Source: 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase *Includes estimated and disclosed deal values

Big Yellow and big buyouts push infosec M&A spending to record

Brenon Daly

Contact: Brenon Daly

What happens at the top end of a market usually goes some distance toward setting the overall tone in that particular market. At least that’s one way to view M&A in the information security sector, which has surged to a record level of spending led by transactions involving the two largest vendors. Up until recently, both Symantec and McAfee had been largely out of the market as the companies worked through earlier strategy bets that didn’t pay off.

So far this year, infosec shoppers have spent $14.3bn on deals, according to 451 Research’s M&A KnowledgeBase. That tops the previous record of $13.5bn in 2010. However, a look inside the deal flow indicates that the previous record was much more concentrated: the single-largest transaction in 2010 (Intel’s $7.7bn purchase of McAfee) accounted for more than half of that year’s overall deal value, while the single-largest transaction in 2016 (Symantec’s $4.7bn pickup of Blue Coat Systems) accounts for just one-third of this year’s spending.

Intel’s partial unwind of its experiment with McAfee is contributing to this year’s record. But more dramatically, it’s the reversal at Symantec that has boosted overall spending in the infosec space. After shying away from significant acquisitions in recent years, Big Yellow has now inked its two largest security deals in just the past the past five months. For perspective, the combined $7bn Symantec has shelled out since last summer for Blue Coat and LifeLock is more than it has spent, collectively, on its 25 other infosec purchases since 2002, according to the M&A KnowledgeBase.

In addition to large corporate buyers, big financial acquirers have also been contributing to this year’s record spending. Both TPG Capital’s carve-out of McAfee and PE-backed AVAST’s consolidation of AVG were valued in the billions of dollars. For comparison, the previous record year of 2010 didn’t feature any billion-dollar PE transactions.

infosec-updated-ma-totals

Will Wal-Mart be the next to discount its e-commerce deal?

Brenon Daly

by Brenon Daly

The retail industry is learning the costly lesson that clicking an online shopping cart button has relatively little in common with pushing a shopping cart down a store aisle. The deals that retailers have struck to bridge the physical and digital worlds just haven’t been ringing the cash registers. The latest example: Nordstrom wrote off more than half of its $350m acquisition of Trunk Club.

It wasn’t supposed to be this way. The ‘bricks and clicks’ pairings made sense, at least in the pitchbook. Retailers needed to be more represented in places where their customers were actually shopping. (The National Retail Federation recently forecast that a record 56% of shoppers plan to buy online this upcoming holiday season, tying for the top spot among all customer destinations.)

In addition to the need to go digital, buyers were also lulled into a false sense of confidence by oversimplifying the fundamental premise of these proposed deals: Acquire a complementary Web-based storefront, with all of the accompanying technology and talent, and then just slap that in front of the massive back end that the big retailer has already built.

These theoretical transactions seemed a perfect fit, taking care of the specific challenges each vendor felt in its particular model. For the e-tailer, creating supply chains and delivery centers would likely cost tens if not hundreds of millions of dollars of capital expenditure, which is rarely a high-returning use of risk capital such as VC. (Not to mention those venture dollars, in general, are getting harder to pull in.) For retailers, they would get the digital smarts around marketing and selling on the Web, without having to painstakingly repurpose existing resources or slowly hire scarce digital talent.

And yet, that has turned out to be a spurious strategy. Online retailing isn’t any more of an extension of traditional retailing than online media is an extension of traditional media. With Nordstrom’s tacit admission that its M&A push into the ether hasn’t generated the expected returns, we wonder about a significantly larger bet – roughly 10 times the size of Nordstrom’s purchase of Trunk Club – that Wal-Mart has placed on Jet.com.

The retailing giant’s pickup of Jet.com last August stands as the largest e-commerce transaction of the past 15 years and the biggest sale of a VC-backed startup in two and a half years. However, the early returns on that blockbuster pairing don’t appear promising. In a survey by 451 Research’s Voice of the Connected User Landscape in mid-September, just after Wal-Mart closed the deal, more people projected they’d be spending less at Jet.com than spending more at the website through the end of the year.

cw-online-retailer-forecastSource: 451 Research’s Voice of the Connected User Landscape

For more real-time information on tech M&A, follow us on Twitter @451TechMnA.